PROJECT PART 2: ESTABLISHING REQUIREMENTS
Subject:
Human-Computer Interaction (SECV2113)
Session:
2024/2025 Semester 2
Lecturer:
Ts. Dr. Sarina binti Sulaiman
From:
Group 7 Powerpuff
Group
leader: Shannon Toh Jia Ee
Member:
1. Ng Esther
2.
Kam
Kai Xin
3. Chong Wen Hui
Title: Gathering Requirements - User
Analysis
A. Proposed Tasks：
[1]
Sort
waste correctly into the appropriate bin compartment.
[2]
Monitor
bin fill level via mobile app.
[3] Generate waste usage report
(weekly/monthly).
B. Persona：
Persona
1: Celeste Tan Yu Hui, 24 - Municipal Waste Worker
Miss
Celeste is a hardworking municipal worker responsible for cleaning and emptying
public bins in urban areas. She uses a basic smartphone but prefers simple
apps. Her main concern is managing her time efficiently and avoiding
overflowing bins. She often feels frustrated when she has to make repeated
rounds due to lack of updates.
Motivation:
Finish her route efficiently.
Skills:
Basic tech knowledge.
Goal:
Empty bins before they overflow.
Pain:
Wasting time checking half-full bins.
Gain:
Accurate alerts on bin status.
Persona
2: Rachel Toh Jia Min, 22 - Urban Eco-Conscious Resident
Miss
Rachel is a tech-savvy young professional who lives in a smart apartment. She is
passionate about reducing waste and carbon footprint. She enjoys using apps
that track her progress and achievements. She finds sorting confusing at times
due to unclear labels on bins.
Motivation:
Live sustainably.
Skills:
High digital literacy.
Goal:
Sort waste accurately.
Pain:
Misidentifying waste categories.
Gain:
Instant, guided feedback from a smart system.
Persona
3: Ng Siew Leng, 49 - Facility Manager in a Shopping Mall
Mrs
Ng oversees maintenance operations in a large shopping complex.She uses digital
dashboards to monitor cleaning performance. Her priority is ensuring clean,
safe, and eco-friendly waste stations. She needs a way to monitor bins in
multiple areas easily.
Motivation:
Keep facilities clean and efficient.
Skills:
Moderate IT skills.
Goal:
Assign staff based on real-time bin data.
Pain:
Inconsistent bin monitoring.
Gain:
Centralized system for tracking all bins.
C. Scenario:
Task 1: Sort Waste
Miss Celeste walks toward a bin
with a plastic bottle. The bin scans the item and signals the correct slot with
a green light and voice prompt. She disposes of the item confidently, saving
time and avoiding mistakes.
Task 2: Monitor Bin Fill Level
Miss Rachel checks the GreenSort
app before taking her trash out. She sees that the closest bin is full and
instead heads to another nearby bin that is half-full. The app saves her the
trouble of walking to a full bin.
Task 3: Generate Waste Report
Mrs Ng logs into the dashboard to
view the weekly report. She notices the third floor has higher general waste
and schedules a reminder for the janitorial staff to check for signage clarity.
She downloads the report and shares it with her team.
Title: Gathering Requirements - Task
Analysis
A. Introduction:
The system tested is a smart bin application similar to "iBin" which
offers automatic sorting and tracking features. The test focuses on 3 tasks:
[1]
Sort
an item using the smart bin.
[2]
Check
bin fill level using the mobile app.
[3]
View/download
a usage report.
B. Derivation of HTA：
a) HTA for Task 1 - {Sort Waste}
User 1 - Celeste Tan Yu Hui - Municipal
Waste Worker testing Task 1
Link video: https://youtube.com/shorts/aSfLo8GVXqA
HTA for User 1 doing Task 1 in
textual presentation:
0. Sort Waste
├─ 1.
Approach bin
├─ 2.
Scan item using bin interface
├─ 3.
Wait for classification
├─ 4.
Follow light/audio cue
└─ 5.
Insert item in designated compartment
Plan 0: Follow steps 1-5 in sequence during
rounds.
HTA for User 1 doing Task 1 in
diagram presentation:
User 2 - Rachel Toh Jia Min - Urban
Eco-Conscious Resident testing Task 1
Link video:
HTA for User 2 doing Task 1 in
textual presentation:
0. Sort Waste
├─ 1.
Walk to bin
├─ 2.
Present item to camera
├─ 3.
Read screen prompt
└─ 4.
Dispose item into correct bin
Plan 0: Follow system prompt each time he
throws trash.
HTA for User 2 doing Task 1 in
diagram presentation:
User 3 - Ng Siew Leng - Facility
Manager in a Shopping Mall testing Task 1
Link video:
HTA for User 3 doing Task 1 in
textual presentation:
0. Sort Waste
├─ 1.
Scan item
├─ 2.
Listen to system prompt
├─ 3.
Verify item type (e.g., recyclable, contaminated)
└─ 4.
Use correct bin slot
Plan 0: Demonstrate this to new staff for
training.
HTA for User 3 doing Task 1 in
diagram presentation:
b) HTA for Task 2 - {Monitor Bin
Fill Level}
User 1 - Celeste Tan Yu Hui - Municipal
Waste Worker testing Task 2
Link video: https://youtube.com/shorts/2umEJsnpXzM
HTA for User 1 doing Task 2 in
textual presentation:
0.
Monitor Bin Fill Level
├─ 1.
Open GreenSort app
├─ 2.
View bin map
├─ 3.
Identify full bins
└─ 4.
Plan route to empty bins
Plan 0: Do steps 1-4 in order before each
shift.
HTA for User 1 doing Task 2 in
diagram presentation:
User 2 - Rachel Toh Jia Min - Urban
Eco-Conscious Resident testing Task 2
Link video: https://youtube.com/shorts/_-5MAyAr50I?si=3inWIOzsjycMH_Vd
HTA for User 2 doing Task 2 in
textual presentation:
0.
Check Bin Before Disposing Trash
├─ 1.
Launch app
├─ 2.
Tap nearest bin
├─ 3.
Read fill level
└─ 4.
Choose another bin if full
Plan 0: Do when taking out waste.
HTA for User 2 doing Task 2 in
diagram presentation:
User 3 - Ng Siew Leng - Facility
Manager in a Shopping Mall testing Task 2
Link video: https://youtube.com/shorts/SpGfMguGdj8?si=-s9CN-VruXyAUs4T
HTA for User 3 doing Task 2 in
textual presentation:
0.
Review Bin Status in Mall
├─ 1.
Access dashboard
├─ 2.
Review color-coded alerts
├─ 3.
Check time/date stamp
└─ 4.
Notify staff if necessary
Plan 0: Monitor daily during inspections.
HTA for User 3 doing Task 2 in
diagram presentation:
c) HTA for Task 3 - {Generate
Waste Report}
User 1 - Celeste Tan Yu Hui - Municipal
Waste Worker testing Task 3
Link video: https://youtube.com/shorts/l6NL8oiNCV8
HTA for User 1 doing Task 3 in
textual presentation:
0.
Generate Weekly Waste Report
├─ 1.
Open app
├─ 2.
Tap 'Report' tab
├─ 3.
Choose week/date range
└─ 4.
Download file
Plan 0: Perform weekly.
HTA for User 1 doing Task 3 in
diagram presentation:
User 2 - Rachel Toh Jia Min - Urban
Eco-Conscious Resident testing Task 3
Link video: https://youtube.com/shorts/mLUZrVIymqs?si=QZVfcZYfSA1ZuTBB
HTA for User 2 doing Task 3 in
textual presentation:
0.
View Personal Recycling Stats
├─ 1.
Open app
├─ 2.
Tap 'My Impact'
├─ 3.
View bar chart and badges
└─ 4.
Share result to social media
Plan 0: Optional, post-sorting.
HTA for User 2 doing Task 3 in
diagram presentation:
User 3 - Ng Siew Leng - Facility
Manager in a Shopping Mall testing Task 3
Link video: https://youtube.com/shorts/2-g6i9yAVdw
HTA for User 3 doing Task 3 in
textual presentation:
0.
Generate Mall Waste Report
├─ 1.
Login to admin panel
├─ 2.
Select time period
├─ 3.
View breakdown by floor/bin type
└─ 4.
Export report as PDF
Plan 0: Monthly for team meetings.
HTA for User 3 doing Task 3 in
diagram presentation:
C. Finding:
Task 1: Sort Waste
- User 1 needed a guided system with
visual and audio prompts to ensure confidence in sorting correctly.
- User 2 completed the task smoothly due
to her familiarity with smart systems and clear interface feedback.
- User 3 appreciated the system’s ability
to differentiate contaminated vs. clean items but required reliability and
clarity.
Conclusion:
- Feedback (light/audio) is crucial
for non-tech-savvy users.
- Simple scanning and prompt-based
systems help reduce sorting errors.
- Smart detection and labelling
improve task confidence and speed.
Task 2: Monitor Bin Fill Level
- User 1 relied on the map to plan her
work route efficiently, reducing wasted time.
- User 2 used the mobile app intuitively
and benefited from its real-time updates.
- User 3 used the dashboard during her
daily checks, valuing the alert system for timely staff deployment.
Conclusion:
- Visual indicators like
color-coded maps improve user understanding.
- Users need bin data in context: User 1(route), User 2(avoid full bin), User 3(staffing).
- The system should offer
role-specific views (worker vs. manager).
Task 3: Generate/View Waste Report
- User 1 used the report feature weekly
to track collection summaries.
- User 2 enjoyed reviewing and sharing her
personal eco-stats as motivation.
- User 3 used detailed breakdowns for
team coordination and reporting.
Conclusion:
- Reports must be easy to generate
and export.
- Casual users prefer simplified,
gamified stats.
- Admins require detailed,
filterable breakdowns for decision-making.
D. Design Requirements:
Based on the user
personas, HTA analysis, and Think Aloud observations, several design
requirements for the GreenSort system have been identified. First, the bin
interface must be intuitive and accessible to all user types. This includes
large, icon-based labels and multilingual support to ensure clarity for users
like Miss Celeste and Mrs Ng Visual and audio prompts are essential to guide
users through the sorting process quickly and confidently, especially for those
with limited technical experience. The system should also provide real-time
feedback—such as lights and voice instructions—to confirm correct actions and
reduce uncertainty.
For the mobile
application, a clean, role-specific interface is needed. For example, Miss Rachel
should see personal recycling stats and gamified elements such as badges, while
Miss Celeste needs a simple map view showing which bins are full to plan her
route efficiently. Mrs Ng, as a facility manager, requires a centralized
dashboard that displays bin statuses across multiple floors, with color-coded
alerts and timestamps for quick monitoring.
Finally, the
reporting feature must allow both casual and administrative users to view
relevant data. While Miss Rachel benefits from fun, sharable statistics, Mrs Ng
and Miss Celeste need detailed reports that are easy to filter, export, and use
for operational decisions. Overall, the system must balance simplicity and
functionality, ensuring it supports users with varying levels of digital
literacy while promoting sustainable waste behavior through interactive and
intelligent features.
The design requirement that will be
keep based on the task analysis:
- Large, multilingual, icon-based
guidance on bin interface.
- Voice prompts for accessibility.
- Simple, visual dashboard for
tracking.
- Gamified mobile app to encourage
repeated use.
- Real-time notifications for
fill-level alerts.
- Downloadable report system for
admin use.
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